The emergence of quantum computers has opened up even more possibilities within the field of machine learning. Since quantum mechanics is known to create patterns which are not believed to be efficiently produced by classical computers, it is natural to hypothesize that quantum computers may be able to outperform classical computers on certain machine learning tasks. There are several interesting approaches to machine learning from a quantum computing perspective - from running existing algorithms or parts of these more efficiently, to exploring completely new algorithms that are specifically developed for quantum computers. Recent results show that quantum neural networks are able to achieve a significantly better effective dimension than comparable classical neural networks.